Performance of IEEE 802.14.5 and ZigBee protocol on realtime monitoring augmented reality based wireless sensor network system

ABSTRACT


I. Introduction
Communication technology is increasingly developed in this era.Many technologies are invented to make data transfer faster at the same times with powerless [1]- [3].Communication technology become important because every sensor in each device must transfer data to other devices.
A smart sensor device must support wireless communication, sensor, and computation.A smart wireless sensor device commonly has the a microcontroller which has computation function, a small RAM for dynamic data function, a wireless transceiver, many flash memories which hold the code of program and long-lived data, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an antenna, many sensors, and a source of power.Most Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are rely on a communications stack that which including a medium access control (MAC), multihop networks, transport layers, and routing [2].Each layer has many protocols, but they are not similar with protocols which found in even Wi-Fi networks or wired networks.In communication, WSN have a communication protocol.Most popular protocol used in wireless sensor network is IEEE 802.14.5 and ZigBee Protocol.The specification of IEEE 802.15.4 describes wireless and media access protocols for personal area networking devices [4].Each performance of protocol had been described by Timmons and Scanlon [5], the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 for Medical Sensor Body Area Networking have same problem.Therefore research is needed to solve the problem through simulation.Lopez et.al.[6] describe ZigBee protocol performance in medical body sensor with simulation that have some weakness namely when it delay will increase data loss.Zhang [7] has used the Time Division Cluster Schedule (TDCS) on WSN as a periodic scheduling for avoiding the collision flow while meeting the end-to-end delay deadlines.
Wireless technology is known to make data transfer more efficient and easy but it takes more power.Nowadays the wireless technology has use less power than normal [3], [8].This low power wireless technology is produced by Digi Enterprise with their product named Xbee [9]- [11].Xbee have two versions S1 with IEEE 802.15.4 and other with ZigBee Protocol.Many devices built with wireless sensor network [1], [3], [8], [12], [13], but there is some problem found because device that built by Xbee must be combined by external devices like Arduino or Micro-controller to maximize the device performance [9]- [11], [14].This research is purposed to solve the problem that arises when Xbee with protocol IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol tried to send data sensor in real-time manner.The problem arises after error appeared after take some ADC sampling the value of data sensor and back to normal after that.Also, the sensor data values, which sent to the receiver, has not same with the original data sensor, which take in Arduino serial and even make the data sensor give the wrong value to receiver.This trouble is important because in real-time monitoring system, it is not allowed to have an error while sensor data taken.The researcher will use map method to reconfigure ADC value that could be found on Arduino to solve this problem.

II. Related Works
The use of sensor device is applied to the monitoring system to monitor something.Monitoring systems in some Industries and agriculture sectors need to be reviewed and monitored.Usually monitoring system use an LCD that embedded in the machine, but at the other, the use of website to monitor sensor in device monitoring system has been able.As seen in Fig. 1, nowadays monitoring system can be used for augmented reality technology.Goldsmith et.al.[15] explain that wireless sensor network can be used on environmental monitoring system.Pokric et.al. [16] proved that Augmented Reality can be implemented for Internet of things (IoT) Services.The results show that Augmented Reality can be used for gaming.One example is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Augmented Reality Enabled IoT services for gaming
In the future, monitoring data technology is very important besides transmission media.There are more technologies can monitor much data as using web pages, the Android application or using augmented reality [17]- [20].Augmented reality is a technology that will bring digital content to real world using camera and latches called marker.Many developments have been done to make augmented reality easy to use and maximize to work [19].Nowadays, there are many AR glasses which were known in the market like Hololens by Microsoft, and META by meta corp [17].This is a sign which means augmented reality will be implemented in a various sector in the future including IoT technology [18], [21].For now, there are many research conducted to improve augmented reality in IoTs.
Huan et.al. [22] has been designed and implemented augmented reality as a space robot telescope which is very effective so the user can see the robot movement which is depicted with augmented reality object, so it is easy to control long distance.Pan et.al. [23] made an augmented reality system to monitor the efficiency of electronic devices.Gandhi [24] made an augmented reality system that used to monitor fire victims by pointing to the location of the victim.Lee et.al. [21] using Augmented Reality to teach kindergarten students English vocabulary.Chaczko et.al. [18] using Augmented Reality to monitor Remote-Lab.The project shows how Augmented Reality utilized with overlay Smart-Grid can support the learning process in attractive methods for monitoring events of captured scenes in remote-lab such as video stream, Web-link from smart devices' camera.Gaffary et.al. [17] have been designed an experimental setup based on a Microsoft HoloLens and a haptic force-feedback device.They are enabling them for pressing a virtual piston, and make stiffness successively comparation with either Augmented Reality.

III. System Design
This work will use two protocol that embedded on two kinds of Xbee.First is Xbee S1 that using IEEE 802.14.5 Protocol communication and Xbee S2 that using ZigBee Protocol communication.This system is divided by two devices, first is transmitter (Fig. 3) that connected with three sensors: Soil Moisture, Humidity and LDR sensors.Transmitter will transmit three types of sensor data through each protocol IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol and receive by the receiver that built by WSN and Arduino which connected to database.Data from database will be continued and displayed in Augmented Reality Object through mobile device (smartphone).We have two system designs, first is the use as transmitter design, the sensor will transmit the value to Xbee (WSN) and the data sensor will be forwarded to receiver.Second, the receiver system (Fig. 4) that will receive any information from transmitter start from Xbee (WSN) and the data will be carried forward to Arduino and proceeded to take a serial data from WSN protocol and forwarded to database.Afterwards, the phone with Augmented Reality Monitoring System will display the data (Fig. 5).

IV. Experimental Result
The experiment will test the performance of IEEE 802.14.5 and ZigBee protocol in Augmented Reality Monitoring system.Some factors which is considered on the performance measurements as follows:

1) IO Sampling Rate
In the first test scenario, it will take the total Packet Error Rate that occurs during system testing where the system tested.Each system will be tested for four times with different sampling rate IO.Table 1 shows the Measurement Table Packet Error Rate IEEE 802.14.5 Protocol.Table 2 shows the same measurement for ZigBee.From the Table 1 and 2 can be concluded that smaller IO sampling rate will increase Packet Error because of the Arduino coordinator decode the packet and then it takes time to decode so that the Xbee S1 has a limited sampling rate capability due to the power used on Xbee S1 is also limited i.e.only 3.3V.Also, Packet Error Rate generated by the ZigBee protocol is almost below than 3%, because the ZigBee protocol has been improved in the protocol.This can be seen with the reference voltage that cannot be changed as well as the function of the ZigBee protocol which have bigger than IEEE 802.14.5 protocol.The result shows that ZigBee protocol is better in sending data, this is proved by the number of packet error which less than when use IEEE 802.14.5 protocol.In this study, the influence of the number of sensors will be tested against the Packet Error Rate both on the IEEE 802.14.5 and ZigBee protocols.Table 3 and 4 shows the sensor quantity measurement for IEE protocol and ZigBee.From the comparison of Table 3 and Table 4 can be concluded that after added more number of sensors to the WSN, the packet error rate will be increased.This is due to the amount of large data transferred, the limited power and also the processor used in wireless sensor network, which resulting number of packet error rate.However, the packet error rate that occurs does not exceed the 1% threshold of point to point communication and not more than 2% for the communication node to the database.This proved that the ZigBee protocol of data transmission has a lot of improvements so that the packet error rate declined even though the number of sensors added up to 4 sensors.

3) Distance
In this test, we will test the influence of distance to Packet Error Rate both on IEEE 802.14.5 and ZigBee protocol.In this test IO Sampling Rate 1000 ms will be used.Here is a table of relationships between Packet Error Rate of IEEE 802.14.5 and ZigBee protocols.Fig. 6 shows the measurement of the effect of distance to the packet error rate under Line of Sight (LOS) conditions.Fig. 6.Correlation between distance and packet error rate Based on Fig 6, the packet error rate level of these two protocols is different from the IEEE 802.14.5 protocol which has many packet error rates compared to the ZigBee protocol.This is possible because the ZigBee protocol has many improvements compared to the IEEE 802.14.5 protocol.

V. Conclusion
In this paper, we have encountered problem which is each protocol had a minimum time to do IO sampling rate.As we can see on protocol IEEE 802.14.5,It had minimum time to take IO sampling rate without wrong value in 1500 ms, and ZigBee protocol had minimum time to do IO sampling rate without wrong value in 50 ms.Therefore, ZigBee protocol is the better protocol to be used in Augmented Reality monitoring system because it has minimum time to take a sampling data with correct value.In future work, the research will be focused on measuring more factors to make realtime augmented reality monitoring system by using a total sensor on the system using routing protocol, and improving efficiency of power usage.The future research may give more contribution on the WSN based monitoring system.

Table 1 .
Measurement of packet error rate IEEE 802.14.5 Protocol

Table 2 .
Measurement Table Packet Error Rate ZigBee Protocol

Table 3 .
Measurement Table Packet Error Rate IEEE 802.14.5

Table 4 .
Measurement Table Packet Error Rate ZigBee , G. Wu, and C. Shi, "Design and Implementation of ZigBee Wireless Sensor and Control Network System in Greenhouse," in Proceedings of the 36th Chinese Control Conference, Dalian, China, 2017.